Efeito de uma sessão aguda de exercício físico aeróbio e resistido sob os níveis plasmáticos de marcadores hormonais

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an acute session of aerobic and resistance exercise on plasma leptin and insulin levels in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) undergoing conservative treatment. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized crossover clinical trial with 18 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing conservative treatment (40-60 years old), conducted at the Center for the Prevention of Kidney Diseases (CPDR). Each participant performed three sessions: control (no exercise), aerobic exercise, and resistance exercise, acting as their own control. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the State University of Maranhão (UEMA); and all volunteers consented to participate. Body composition and serum leptin and insulin levels were assessed by tetrapolar bioimpedance and ELISA, respectively. Aerobic exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer (27 min; Borg 7–14), and resistance training included eight exercises (five for upper limbs and three for lower limbs), two sets of 10 repetitions at 60–70% of submaximal load. Statistical analysis was conducted using JAMOVI software (v.2.6.44), with a significance level of 5%, applying normality tests, ANOVA for repeated measures, and calculation of effect size (Cohen's D). Results: Acute sessions of aerobic and resistance exercise did not promote significant changes in serum leptin levels. However, only the comparison of serum insulin values between baseline and after strength training showed statistical significance (p = 0.0268), with a large effect size. Insulin correlated positively with weight (r = 0.288), height (r = 0.376), lean mass (r = 0.316), and extracellular water (r = 0.316), while leptin showed a positive correlation with Body Mass Index (BMI) (r = 0.402) and a negative correlation with height (r = -0.393). Conclusion: It is concluded that a session of aerobic or resistance exercise does not significantly alter hormonal or body parameters in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, possibly due to the low intensity of the exercise and the small sample size.