INVESTIGANDO A CONSTANTE DE PLANCK POR MEIO DE UMA ABORDAGEM EXPERIMENTAL: Uma proposta construcionista para o ensino de Física

Abstract

This dissertation presents a pedagogical proposal for the teaching of Modern Physics, focusing on Planck’s constant, through the design and implementation of two didactic experiments applied to third-year high school students. The first experiment employs low-cost and easily accessible materials, while the second incorporates educational technologies such as Arduino-based robotics. The proposal is grounded in Jean Piaget’s constructivist theory and Seymour Papert’s constructionist approach, prioritizing active learning, experimentation, and the construction of knowledge through problem-solving in real contexts. The didactic proposal developed articulates theory and practice, ranging from the historical and conceptual contextualization of Planck’s constant and blackbody radiation to the execution of experiments and the analysis of the data obtained. Students were encouraged to formulate hypotheses, plan and carry out experiments, collect and interpret data based on Stefan-Boltzmann’s law, and estimate Planck’s constant from the analysis of radiation emitted by incandescent lamps at different temperatures. The results indicate that the inclusion of experimental practices with different levels of technological complexity fosters student engagement and contributes to a more meaningful understanding of abstract concepts in Modern Physics. By integrating active methodologies and accessible technologies, the research demonstrates the potential of experimentationbased pedagogical strategies to make physics teaching more dynamic, contextualized, and effective.