MORTALIDADE POR CÂNCER COLORRETAL E ANAL, POR SEXO, NO BRASIL NO PERÍODO DE 2007 A 2022: Tendência temporal e diferenças regionais

Abstract

Objective. To analyze colorectal and anal cancer mortality in Brazil from 2007 to 2022 through time trends and regional and gender differences. Methods: This is an ecological, descriptive, retrospective, time-series study. The study population consisted of all residents in Brazil who died from 2007 to 2022 from colorectal and anal cancer, identified with codes C18, C19, C20 and C21, following the rules of the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Statistics (ICD-10). Deaths from colorectal and anal cancer were collected by place of residence, sex, age group and region. Incomplete data and data by place of notification were excluded. Crude and standardized mortality rates by sex were calculated (main outcomes), as well as the absolute number and percentage of deaths (secondary outcomes). The direct method was used for standardization. The trend and annual percentage change in rates were calculated using the Prais-Winsten and Joinpoint regression methods, with a significance level of 5%. Results: During the period 2007 to 2022, 267,014 deaths from colorectal and anal cancer were recorded in Brazil, with colon cancer being the most prevalent (166,768 cases). The sex- and age-specific mortality rate is striking from the age of 50 onwards. In addition, the sex-standardized mortality rate was predominantly higher in women (8.32 per 100,000) at national level, with little difference in relation to men (8.28 per 100,000). The Joinpoint sexstandardized rate shows continuous and statistically significant growth (p-value < 0.05), with no inflection point, for the South, Southeast and Midwest, but with an inflection point for Brazil, the North and Northeast. Conclusion: Mortality from colorectal and anal cancer in Brazil is high, varying according to age, gender and geopolitical region of the country. There is a continuing upward trend, albeit with points of deceleration between 2016 and 2018. Brazil faces challenges in reducing the occurrence of deaths from colorectal cancer, especially in the female population over the age of 50.