ASSOCIAÇÃO DO POLIMORFISMO DO GENE DA ENZIMA CONVERSORA DE ANGIOTENSINA COM O PERFIL CLÍNICO, ANTROPOMÉTRICO, FORÇA, EXAMES DE IMAGEM E LABORATORIAL DE PACIENTES CARDIOPATAS

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the association between the genotypes (DD, ID, and II) of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and the clinical, anthropometric, strength, imaging, and laboratory profile of patients with heart disease. Materials and Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study conducted with heart disease patients treated in São Luís, Maranhão, in 2024. After signing the informed consent form, sociodemographic data, comorbidities, lifestyle, signs and symptoms, anthropometric measurements, strength, imaging, and laboratory markers were collected. ACE genotypes were determined by real-time PCR. Results: Coronary artery disease was more frequent in the ID genotype (90.2%) versus II (74.2%) and DD (63.6%) (p=0.037). Among the anthropometric measurements, weight, height, BMI, waist, hip, neck circumference and handgrip strength were similar (p>0.05), however the right calf circumference, which is related to the risk of sarcopenia, was higher in DD (32.7 cm) than in ID and II (p=0.021), and the waist-to-hip ratio also differed (0.99 vs. 0.97 and 0.94; p=0.032). In the analysis of imaging and laboratory tests, the markers showed a uniform distribution between the genotypes, except for serum potassium, which was lower in genotype II (4.0 mmol/L) (p=0.046). Conclusion: The ID genotype is associated with a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease, and DD with measures of greater peripheral muscle reserve and central adiposity. Genotype II showed lower potassium levels. Prospective, multicenter studies with functional assessment of ACE are recommended to confirm these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms.