DIAGNÓSTICO DO SERVIÇO DE TRATAMENTO DE ESGOTO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO ANIL: Problemas ambientais e impactos na saúde das comunidades urbanas adjacentes

Abstract

Water resources have a strong relationship with environmental quality and human life. The lack of management of these resources, combined with the lack of sanitation, compromise the relationship with health and the environment. The objective of this work was to analyze the quality of treated effluents from two sewage treatment stations located in areas surrounding the Anil River hydrographic basin, on the island of São Luís, relating them to the impacts generated on the environment and the health of populations that use the services, residents close to the receiving bodies. Effluent samples were obtained bimonthly at the receiving point of each ETE, from August/2021 to March/2022. The determination of physical-chemical parameters was carried out by multiparameter meter, ultraviolet spectrophotometry and analytical methods. While the bacteriological ones, by the technique of multiple tubes. Residents were evaluated through interviews to address the effects of ETEs, in relation to the environment, health, socioeconomic aspects and evaluation of sanitation services. Dissolved oxygen values were below the standard established by current legislation in all months sampled, with the exception of station P2 in the month of January/22. There was the presence of total coliforms in the P2 stations in August/21 and November/21, and in the P3 station in January/22, as well as the presence of thermotolerant coliforms in the P3 samples in the month of August/21, P2 in the month of November/21, P2 and P3 in March/22. Population evaluation data show that 34% of respondents are male, mostly black, have completed high school and have an income of two to five minimum wages. Regarding sanitation services, 44% of those who have access to sewage treatment rated it as very bad and the main complaint was the lack of maintenance. The results achieved show the need for environmental monitoring and studies of neighborhood impacts, highlighting the need for corrective actions.