TERRA, PÃO, TRABALHO E LIBERDADE: As mulheres e o processo histórico de formação e desenvolvimento de Buriticupu – MA (1970-2001)

Abstract

The study examines the formation and growth of Buriticupu, focusing on women's experiences. They were divided into pioneers, who arrived in the 1970s through the Pioneer Agricultural Colonization Project, and women from Terra Bela, who occupied the Terra Bela Farm in 1988. The analysis considers the political and social context, with a special emphasis on the impact of José Sarney's victory as the governor of Maranhão in 1966 during the Military Dictatorship Regime. For this purpose, we take as a theoretical foundation the social class approach according to Thompson (2021), considering rural women as a working class. The study incorporates ideas from various authors regarding their history in labor, land struggle, family life, and solidarity. The conception of territory and territoriality is approached through dialectical historical materialism. We address the perspective of Global and Connected History, highlighting the connections and relationships among the individuals, interests, and institutions present in the constantly evolving and expanding village, beyond the borders of the national State. We also articulate concepts of identity, everyday life, memory, orality, and migration. The research follows a qualitative approach, using methods such as bibliographic research, documentary research, and oral history, including interviews with women from the region to understand their daily experiences. The sources include works by memorialist Isaias Aguiar, newspapers from the period, images from the region, CPT (Pastoral Land Commission) conflict notebooks, and oral accounts. The study period covers the decades from 1960 to 2000, emphasizing crucial events in the formation of the municipality. The research highlights the participation, autonomy, and resistance of women in Buriticupu, contributing to the understanding of agrarian and political history and women's roles in Maranhão, while also reflecting on the influence of the capitalist system, its flow and globalization, and land grabbing in the region.