EVASÃO ESCOLAR NO ENSINO MÉDIO E EXCLUSÃO SOCIAL NO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO (2015-2020)

Abstract

This research has sought understanding the factors that permeate dropout decision, since from the historical and critical contextualization of school dropout trying to reveal both situations, since the apparent ones until the ideological ones. This study has been anchored in a critical perspective based on historical-dialectical materialism, and its categories of praxis, contradiction, and totality whose intend lead us to the perception of school dropout as a step of the social class reproduction process. The school drop out analyses considered on this study is approached based on the Marxist perspective, whose Orso’s thoughts (2019), describes it as the result of the class social division which determines the production’s social relations, and, whose additionally, has gen erating conflicts between the dominant and dominated classes, being at the same time a social exclusion factor. As the research method for, we have chosen the qualitative researching principles, which predominates in all the stages of this work. Due to Bra zilian situation of the covid-19's pandemic worsening, we had to resort priorityly the documentary and bibliographic analysis for the reaching on this research proposed results. This study also has questioned the reasons why public policies dialed to over coming the school dropout rates were so slowness and ineffectiveness of, as well as the reasons for the increasement of dropout rates exactly at the high school level, and, specifically in the public school’s context. The study has confirmed that the school dropout rates in the public schools is, at least, three times higher than in private schools, and has occurred along the three years of this study stage, while in private schools the dropout is a little bit more acute only in the second grade. In the research’s conclusion the school dropout rate is considered as an economic rationalism effect, it was imposed by the neoliberal policy for spending on education from those last 30 years, situation which has become worse due to poverty scenario to which a large part of the population is been inserted. This work has showed that in Maranhão state, this context has an additional worrying, for a long time the state has been under the last positions of the national ranking, in the economy, income and quality of life aspects, influencing the context that leads many adolescents from the Maranhão proletariat class on get in entering the job market earlier than usual, culminating in the school dropout rates maintenance higher than the regional and national rates average. The study has comproved that the policies intended to combat social inequalities has been not so efficient and low compromised of egalitarian ideals enunciated for public edu cation which result in the compromising of the most vulnerable groups. So, leads us to conclude that school dropout and social exclusion will only be definitively overcome when we rethink the capitalist system of classes division.