O enigma da democracia: biopolítica, estado de exceção e paradigma da imunização

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to investigate the phenomenon called the enigma of democracy in light of the concept of biopolitics, demonstrating that this category is a possible horizon for understanding the antinomies that permeate today's democratic regimes. The enigma of democracy is understood as the process by which liberal democracies end up converging and incorporating practices that largely contradict their fundamental principles. In other words, the enigma, in this context, concerns precisely the emergence, increasingly frequent, of a zone of indistinction and coincidence between policies undertaken by democracies and technologies of power similar to those applied by authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. To support the proposed discussion, theoretical support is sought in the conceptual framework of two contemporary Italian philosophers, namely, Giorgio Agamben and Roberto Esposito. Through an exploration of some notions from the philosophy of both thinkers, mainly the state of exception and the immunization paradigm respectively, we intend to highlight how biopolitics, and the power strategies derived from its intrinsic dynamics, are intimately intertwined. to the paradoxical condition of democracies. To develop this work, a bibliographical research was carried out, based on a hermeneutic study of the main works of the aforementioned philosophers, as well as their interpreters and critics