Quantificação dos estoques de carbono acima do solo da Amazônia Maranhense

Abstract

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in tropical forests are largely driven by deforestation and forest degradation, which release significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, contributing significantly to global warming. In the Amazon, the history of deforestation and degradation is characterized by anthropogenic activities that result in high rates of deforestation and biodiversity loss. The Amazon region of Maranhão, specifically, faces similar challenges, with deforestation contributing to substantial GHG emissions, exacerbating climate change. The carbon cycle, essential for climate regulation, is severely disrupted by deforestation, which halts the carbon sequestration carried out by forests, turning them from carbon sinks into carbon sources. In this context, remote sensing of biomass emerges as a crucial tool for monitoring and estimating forest biomass, allowing for an accurate assessment of carbon stocks and the emissions associated with forest loss. These technologies are fundamental for the implementation of conservation and restoration policies aimed at mitigating GHG emissions and preserving the vital ecosystem services of tropical forests. The present work aims to conduct a literature review in various national and international journals, highlighting the importance of remote sensing in studies on tropical forests. However, it was found that, although researchers have made significant contributions to the use of remote sensing data in tropical forests, studies focused on the Amazon region of Maranhão are still scarce.