Estudo da aptidão física, qualidade do sono e pressão arterial em discentes do ensino médio de escolas públicas de São João dos Patos-Maranhão

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the level of physical fitness, sleep quality and blood pressure in high school students from São João dos Patos/Maranhão. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was carried out with 115 high school students from public schools, of both sexes, with an average age of 16 years. Data was collected at school, during the morning shift, between September and November 2023. The following were measured: systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) and heart rate (HR, bpm) (professional arm pressure monitor, model HBP-1100/OMROM-USA). Physical fitness (Brazil Sports Program protocol - cardiorespiratory and abdominal endurance tests, as well as flexibility) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). After the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, the data was analyzed using appropriate descriptive measures and compared using statistical tests such as unpaired student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test. The significance level adopted was 5%. The data was analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0 and Jamovi 2.3.28 software. Results: The blood pressure levels of most of the female (33%) and male (51%) students were altered, with averages of 115±4 and 121±10.6 (mmHg), respectively. There were significant percentages for the healthy zone in flexibility (female: 65%, male: 69%), reporting averages of 42±10 and 37±10 (cm), respectively. In abdominal endurance, they showed relevant rates for the risk zone (female: 100%, male: 98%), with averages of 21±8 and 29±7 (rep/min), respectively. The majority of students (female: 98, male: 75%) were in the health risk zone for cardiorespiratory endurance, with the girls averaging 787±152m and the boys 1016±179m. Regarding the students' sleep quality, 73% of females and 38% of males had poor sleep quality. Conclusion: Thus, issues of concern were observed in relation to low cardiorespiratory and abdominal endurance, as well as poor sleep quality. In addition, there is concern about the students who showed a warning sign of altered blood pressure.