ELEIÇÃO DE GESTORES/AS NA REDE PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL DE SÃO LUÍS/MA: Avanços e recuos na democratização da gestão escolar

Abstract

The present dissertation titled “Election of Managers of the Municipal Education of Sao Luis of Maranhao; advances and setbacks in democratization of the school management” is linked to research line in History, Politics and Human Formation and the group of study and research in Politics and Educational Management of the Post-Graduation Program in Education (PPGE) of the Federal University of Maranhão – UFMA. This way it was defined the followed questions: how did it happen the election process of the school managers of municipal education in Sao Luis? What was the legal route of the selection process of the school managers in line with the guidelines of the Municipal Education Plan covering the years from 2015 to 2024? Which the ways of participation of the internal and external school community in the decisions making of chooses those managers? What are the advances and setbacks of the school management democratization in the public school in Sao Luis from the choice process of the school managers effective in the year of 2019? In this context it was planned the main objective: to analyze the election process of the school managers in the public school in Sao Luis of Maranhao from 2019 to 2022, highlighting advances and setbacks in the school management democratization and the specifics: describe the legal path of the selection process of the school managers of public school in Sao Luis in line with the guidelines of the municipal education plan of Sao Luis from 2015 to 2024; to analyze the election process of the school managers in public school in Sao Luis; to analyze the process based on analysis categories of democracy, participation and democratic management; to identify forms of school community participation of the school and local community, from the choice process of the school managers and understand what progress has been made towards school management democratization of the Sao Luis public school. It was based on the epistemological perspective of historical materialism and dialectical cause relationship in school environment happens with human being in actions, reactions and different thoughts but that also can change reality. It was adopted a qualitative approach due to the context, history and social change. Bibliographical survey was carried out, documentary research and field research, semi structured interview in the data collect. In three schools which three managers were elected for a three year term, from 2019 to 2022 among five teachers who participated in the selection process of the Municipal Secretary of Education of Sao Luis (SEMED), specifically in Elementary School Superintendence (SAEF), place where four of the interviewed technicians worked and participated in the SEMED electoral commission, the interviews were carried out based on Bardin’s content analysis(2011), that sought through defined steps the analysis of communication for the manipulation of messages. The literature review included the topic by several authors; the documentary research was carried out in printed and digital sources that guided the actions of SEMED technicians for preparing the Notice 01/2018, such as Federal Constitution of 1988, Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education (LDBEN) law 9394/96; National Education Plan (PNE 2014-2024) law 130005/2014; Sao Luis Municipal Education Plan (PME) law 6001/2015; Statute of Municipal Public Teaching law 4749/2007 and others documents that permeated the entire process of electing professionals. Those documents constituted the core of the research and they were analyzed according to Bardin’s content analysis (2011): stages of organization, coding, categorization, inference and information from communication analysis. The conclusions indicated weaknesses in the process of choosing municipal network managers due to the lack of transparency in the actions of the electoral council, the low participation of the school community, and the lack of follow-up after the end of the period of elected management. The great challenge of SEMED is the inseparability of democratic management and collective participation, the lack of Committees for evaluating public policies, having continuous training for the entire school team on democratic management and legitimizing the dialogic aspect, so that changes and transformations can occur more assertive for the social quality of education. This topic requires more academic studies at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.