AS BASES DA EDUCAÇÃO ADVENTISTA E A ESCOLA NOVA NO MARANHÃO (1920-1930)

Abstract

The last decade of the first republic represented a period of significant changes in various sectors of society due to profound political, economic, and social transformations, whether due to instabilities and turbulence, or due to the hope of renewing institutions; period in which traditional education undergoes variations due to a new school that proposed a new schooling model corresponding to the new necessities and specificities of modern man. This study, which is linked to the Postgraduate Program in Education at UFMA and inserted in the line of research History, Educational Politics, Work and Human Training, problematizes the extent to which the ideals of the new school in Brazil resonated in the beginnings of Adventist education in Maranhão, since the spread of primary schools of this type throughout the country during this period is evident, according to the signs that marked their establishment between 1920-1930? The objective is to understand the level of resonance of the ideals of the new school in the beginnings of Adventist education in Maranhão, based on related aspects identified, by searching for requests from the Adventist educational project in Maranhão and listing aspects that affected its late operationalization, in addition to identifying ideals of the new school that may have interfered with its institutionalization as a specific school culture. The theoretical- methodological assumptions of Cultural History are used and the analysis is supported by the discussion of its three inseparable axes, with bibliographical and documentary research as supports: firstly, the possible relationship between the new school and the Adventist school, based on the figuration category of Elias (2001) and the polemological model of Certeau (1998); for the second, data is collected from Revista Mensal (1908-1931), the main press vehicle for Adventists in the period, and from the newspapers O Imparcial (1926-1946), Diário de São Luís (1920-1949) and Pacotilha (1910-1938). It is concluded that the educational scenario in Maranhão during the period reflected the innovative practices of the Escola Nova that in other contexts had enabled the Adventist School, which shared similar ideals, to establish itself more easily; however, despite the convergence of these principles, the establishment of the Adventist school in Maranhão faced other challenges due to the need for a specific organizational structure. After a period of preparation, Adventists can successfully integrate their educational practices, highlighting the complexity in implementing educational projects in different historical contexts.