https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/709 2026-04-15T06:43:09Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6716 Título: Democracia representativa em crise: transformação do processo de participação popular e o anacronismo da estrutura política na Constituição Federal de 1988 Autor: LIMA, Diogo Diniz Primeiro orientador: RAMOS, Paulo Roberto Barbosa Abstract: Esta tesis se centra en la crisis de la democracia moderna, tomando como contexto concreto el sistema político brasileño. Al examinar la interconexión entre la democracia y el modo de producción capitalista, se demuestran las transformaciones de esta forma de gobierno y el anacronismo del modo representativo y de los mecanismos actuales de participación popular establecidos en la Constitución Federal de 1988. La investigación comienza con un análisis conceptual e histórica de la democracia, desde su manifestación en la antigua Atenas hasta su resurgimiento en el siglo XVIII, basado en el pensamiento de Rousseau y Stuart Mill, mostrando cómo, durante este período histórico, la democracia fue adoptada como la base política ideal para el desarrollo de la sociedad capitalista. La tesis describe la actual crisis democrática como multifacética, con orígenes divergentes de los tradicionalmente señalados en algunos estudios. Se construyen dos paralelos comparativos, utilizando La Sociedad del Espectáculo, de Guy Debord, para explicar la inversión del sistema de necesidades que conduce a una inevitable insatisfacción con los resultados del campo político. Estructuralmente, se desarrolla un estudio evolutivo de las esferas pública y privada, mostrando que esta última se ha visto reducida al límite de la intimidad y que algunas decisiones que antes eran privadas se han trasladado al ámbito social expandido, escapando al control personal y generando reacciones que se alinean con los extremos del espectro político y amenazan la democracia. Finalmente, se abordó cada faceta de la crisis desde perspectivas teóricas constructivas, con el objetivo de promover un rediseño de la estructura democrática capaz de canalizar la complejidad y la velocidad de las demandas contemporáneas, revitalizando la cadena de legitimidad de la democracia y brindando estabilidad a su funcionamiento. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2026-01-09T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6617 Título: ENTRE LAÇOS, LUTAS E HORIZONTES MIGRATÓRIOS: A permanência de estudantes africanos do PEC-G no Brasil e suas motivações no contexto maranhense Autor: SILVA, Anso da Primeiro orientador: JOHNSON, Guillermo Alfredo Abstract: This study investigates the complex motivations that lead African students, who are graduates of the Student-Exchange Program (PEC-G) at the Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), to remain in Brazil after completing their courses. The research, which spanned from 2022 to 2025, employed participant observation, open questionnaires, and open interviews with nine students. An initial survey at UFMA indicated that Cape Verde, Benin, and Ghana have the highest representation, and that health-related courses are the most sought after. However, the institutional assistance for exchange students at UFMA reveals gaps, with the absence of structured initial welcoming and post-graduation follow-up. Reception duties are delegated to the International Relations Office, and other demands are handled by existing pro-rectories. The analysis of empirical data, triangulated with theoretical frameworks of diaspora and migration, revealed three central categories. The first, "Building Networks and Belonging in the Diaspora: Bridges to Permanence," highlights the formation of affective ties and the creation of mutual support mechanisms (such as the Association of Africans in Maranhão - AAMA) as fundamental pillars for adaptation and overcoming adversity, transforming a temporary stay into a life project rooted in Brazil. The second category, "Between Academic Opportunities and Structural Racism: The Dichotomies of Permanence," demonstrates the collective efforts of the African community to deconstruct negative and homogeneous images of the African continent in Brazil through cultural and academic events. However, the persistence of structural racism and xenophobia (evidenced by prejudiced interactions and employability challenges) remains a significant barrier. This category explores the dichotomies experienced, where the pursuit of academic qualification (postgraduation) emerges as a crucial strategy for legal and professional permanence, contrasting with challenges such as bureaucracy in obtaining diplomas and persistent unemployment stemming from racism. Finally, the category, "Brazilian Reality: Opportunities, Barriers, and Perceptions," reveals that despite their permanence, longing for family and the aspiration to contribute to the development of their home nations keep alive the idea of a return, which is seen as a long-term project conditioned by economic and social factors. It's concluded that the permanence of these students is a multifaceted phenomenon, resulting from a constant negotiation between push and pull factors, individual agency, and the complexity of diasporic identities within a context of future challenges and aspirations. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-08-26T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6616 Título: O socialismo chinês em sua formulação, demandas históricas e impactos sobre o desenvolvimento econômico, classe trabalhadora e meio ambiente: contribuição para uma análise Autor: SILVA, Jonadabe Gondim Primeiro orientador: JONHDON, Guillermo de Alfredo Abstract: The research was conducted with the aim of contributing to the understanding of the historical process that culminated in the formation and development of Chinese socialism in its main demands, formulations, and contradictions; as well as the impacts of its political structuring (resulting from its revolutionary construction and mediation with large capital) on economic development, the working class, and the environment. Throughout the work, we endeavored not only to analyze the dynamics of the phenomenon in its concrete movement that made Chinese socialism a unique experience in contemporary times but also to grasp its historical, economic, and geopolitical determinations and how this has been affecting the Chinese working class and the environment; the two categories most directly impacted by the policies implemented by the State and capital in the country. Throughout the work, we aimed not only to analyze the dynamics of the phenomenon in its concrete movement that made Chinese socialism a unique experience in contemporary times, but also to understand its historical, economic, and geopolitical determinations and how this has impacted the Chinese working class and the environment; the two categories most directly affected by the policies employed by the state and capital in the country. To this end, we analyzed the historical demands that culminated in the Xinhai Revolution, the Nationalist Party, the founding of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the National Liberation War, and finally, the Maoist Revolution that gave rise to contemporary China and the political and economic configuration that characterizes it in its advances and contradictions. Contradictions that appear in the research in two interconnected forms: those of the clashes between capital and labor force and the alterities between Chinese economic development and the environment. In this context, we seek to demonstrate two things: the first is that Chinese socialism, in its various phases, did not result in the development of a new strand within the field of Marxism/Leninism, but in the adaptation of Marxism/Leninism to the Chinese historical/cultural framework; directly responding to the historical demands of the country and its social struggles. The second is that if the existing historical contradictions between labor force, the environment, and capital do not find resolutions within capitalism, the so-called market socialism (the current historical phase of Chinese socialism) has also not been able to offer definitive solutions to the problem. In this perspective, the mediations established with capital that help to compose socialism as a transitional system also end up delimiting its potential for overcoming the current contradictions that permeate the relationships between capital, labor force, and the natural environment. Thus, what we intend to demonstrate throughout the research is that the balance between the working class, humanity, and the environment can only be achieved when the mediations with capitalism, especially in the current monopolistic/imperialist stage, have themselves been overcome. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-10-09T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6596 Título: IMPACTOS DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL TÉCNICA INTEGRADA AO ENSINO MÉDIO SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO E INSERÇÃO LABORAL DE EGRESSOS DO IFMA Autor: CARDOSO, Livia Maria Mendonça Jansen de Mello Primeiro orientador: LIMA, Valéria Ferreira Santos de Almada Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the potencial impacts of Integrated Technical Vocational Education to High School on the training and integration of IFMA graduates into the labor market. The research analyzed the relationship between education and work in the context of contemporary capitalism, discussing the technological, economic, and social changes that have shaped individuals’ educational and work experiences, as well as different perspectives on the role of education in society. The work also examined the trajectory of vocational education in Brazil, from its origins in the colonial period to contemporary reforms, addressing the economic, social, and political transformations that have influenced vocational education and highlighting the main legal milestones and public policies implemented over the years, with a focus on public policies for Integrated Technical Vocational Education. Drawing on a critical perspective, the study examined the effects of Integrated Technical Vocational Education on the training and integration of IFMA graduates into the labor market, using as empirical reference the reality of the Campus São Luís – Monte Castelo from 2020 to 2024. The methodology used included literature review, analysis of secondary data, and application of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with graduates. The results indicated that Integrated Technical Vocational Education favors the continuation of studies and partially contributes to graduates' entry into the job market. Moreover, it also promoted positive impacts beyond professional training, encompassing other importante aspects of individual formation, such as personal development, sociopolitical and cultural participation, and a greater understanding of social reality. However, challenges remain regarding qualified labor market integration, curriculum adequacy, and overcoming the structural duality present in the brazilian educational system. The analysis highlighted the need for more effective public policies to promote comprehensive and emancipatory education, ensuring the true democratization of access to educational and professional opportunities. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-10-06T00:00:00Z