https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/5995 Credenciado pela CAPES como Mestrado Acadêmico, na área de Geociências, o PPGC&TAmb teve início com a atualização do seu Regimento Interno em outubro de 2022, conforme decisão do Conselho de Ensino, Pesquisa, Extensão e Inovação (Consepe). Este marco reforça o compromisso da UFMA em promover a excelência acadêmica e impulsionar o avanço científico e tecnológico na região. Esta Coleção contém os trabalhos do Mestrado Acadêmico. 2026-04-15T15:21:45Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6874 Título: Pesca artesanal e conservação de Elasmobrânquios: Avaliação da captura e indícios de um potencial berçário em um ponto crítico da pesca artesanal na Costa Amazônica Maranhense Autor: MAIA, João Vitor Soares Primeiro orientador: RINCON FILHO, Getulio Abstract: Artisanal fishing of elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) on the western coast of Maranhão was investigated with the aim of understanding its dynamics, identifying nursery areas and assessing the perception of local fishermen regarding the conservation of these animals. The study was motivated by the growing fishing pressure in the region and the lack of consistent data on catches, which makes fishing management difficult. The research was carried out in the Arapiranga-Tromaí RESEX region, through systematic monitoring of fishing landings in Carutapera, MA between 2023 and 2024, interviews with fishermen, and the use of georeferencing tools. During the 19-month cycle, 118 landings were monitored and 1.054 elasmobranch captures were recorded, comprising 11 shark species and 8 ray species, distributed across 3 shark families, 6 ray families, 2 shark orders, and 1 ray order. The species Hypanus guttatus, Rhizoprionodon porosus, and Sphyrna lewini were particularly emphasized, being recorded at all stages of development. Areas with a continuous presence of neonates and juveniles were identified, indicating the possible occurrence of nursery areas. Statistical analysis showed a composition dominated by juveniles, evidencing the vulnerability of the species to capture. The research demonstrated that fishermen possess valuable ecological knowledge, which can be integrated into management and conservation actions. It is concluded that, in addition to providing unprecedented data on local artisanal fishing, the study contributes to the formulation of public policies and strategies aimed at fisheries sustainability and the protection of marine biodiversity. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-06-27T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6767 Título: POTENCIAL ENERGÉTICO E CRÉDITOS DE CARBONO DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS (RSU) E SUA APLICAÇÃO EM SISTEMAS DE LOGÍSTICA REVERSA EM SÃO LUÍS- MA Autor: SILVA, Jennifer da Cruz Arouche Primeiro orientador: VILLA VELEZ, Harvey Alexander Abstract: The central problem of this dissertation is associated with the need to transform Urban Solid Waste (MSW), often destined for landfills, into sustainable energy resources, contributing to climate mitigation. Therefore, the study's main objective is to evaluate the energy potential and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of MSW located in Ecopoints in the city of São Luís- MA, based on the elementary chemical composition, considering its applicability in reverse logistics systems, through the conversion of carbon credits. The methodology adopted was exploratory and descriptive in nature, with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative), and was based on documentary analysis of data provided by the City of São Luís, which took place from January 2022 to February 2024.The research was structured in four stages: a survey of the waste received at Ecopontos; analysis of the chemical composition of promising materials; estimation of calorific value; and calculation of CO₂ and CH₄ emissions based on mathematical models and scientific literature. The results indicate that in 26 months, more than 80,000 tons of waste were received at the 25 active Ecopoints, with materials such as plastic, paper, wood and pruning waste standing out. It is estimated that these 4 types of waste generated 66.42 tons of CO₂ and 3.55 tons of CH₄. In addition, the chemical composition of the materials analyzed revealed high energy potential, with the possibility of generating carbon credits. The conclusion is that the energy recovery of MSW, combined with reverse logistics policies and carbon market incentives, represents a strategic opportunity for municipalities like São Luís to promote environmental sustainability, socio-economic inclusion and technological innovation in MSW management. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-04-30T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6759 Título: Avaliação do potencial de resíduos de caldeira e fibras de coco desidratadas como sistemas filtrantes para efluentes de lavanderia hospitalar Autor: ROCHA, Luzidelma do Nascimento Freitas Primeiro orientador: VELEZ, Harvey Alexander Villa Abstract: The growing concern about the environmental impact of industrial effluents has driven the search for efficient and sustainable solutions for their treatment. In this context, this study evaluates the applicability of boiler residues and dehydrated coconut fibers as adsorbent materials for the removal of pollutants from hospital laundry effluents. The central problem of the research lies in the need for viable and low-cost alternatives for the adsorption of contaminants, reducing the pollutant load before disposal into the environment. The main objective was to analyze the efficiency of these residues in the removal of turbidity from the effluent, as well as to characterize their physicochemical properties to determine their adsorption potential. The methodology adopted included the characterization of the effluent collected at the treatment plant of a hospital laundry, followed by adsorption tests using filtration columns filled with the studied materials. Analyses of pH, turbidity and functional groups present on the surfaces of the adsorbents were performed, in addition to structural characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicated that the boiler residue presented greater adsorptive efficiency, promoting a reduction of up to 96.15% in the effluent turbidity after 60 minutes of filtration, while the dehydrated coconut fiber achieved a maximum removal of 44.9%. The analysis of the surface of the materials revealed that the boiler residue has greater porosity and predominance of acidic functional groups, characteristics that favor the adsorption of compounds present in the effluent. Coconut fiber, despite presenting lower adsorptive capacity, demonstrated potential for optimization through chemical treatment. It is concluded that the use of these industrial residues as adsorbents constitutes an environmentally sustainable and economically viable alternative for the treatment of hospital laundry effluents, reducing the pollutant load and minimizing environmental impacts. Furthermore, the research reinforces the importance of valuing agro-industrial and industrial waste in the formulation of filtering systems, contributing to the circular economy and the development of more accessible and efficient technologies in the sanitation and industrial effluent management sector. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-03-27T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6582 Título: Expansão do desmatamento no cerrado maranhense entre os anos de 2001 – 2023 Autor: CORREIA, Luís Fernando Cirqueira da Silva Primeiro orientador: COSTA, Sergio Souza Abstract: In Maranhão, the Cerrado covers approximately 65% of the state's area. Over the past two decades, the biome has been under intense deforestation pressure. Maranhão has risen from fifth to first place in the national deforestation ranking, with 13 of the 50 municipalities with the highest deforestation rates in the last four years (2019-2022). Based on PRODES data, this study examines the temporal evolution of deforestation (absolute and relative) in Maranhão over the past 22 years, considering different territorial divisions. Across the Cerrado, a downward trend in deforestation was observed until 2013, followed by a sharp increase from 2020 onwards. The analysis by microregions reveals that deforestation has occurred throughout the Maranhense Cerrado. The microregions of Presidente Dutra, Caxias, and Chapadinha showed the most significant variations in deforestation. In Presidente Dutra, the deforested area jumped from 44% to 82%. Among municipalities, Balsas recorded the highest absolute deforestation, while Governador Eugênio Barros had the highest proportional increase in deforestation, rising from 26% to 89% of the deforested area in 22 years. Through visual analysis and the use of a regular grid, it was demonstrated how deforestation has occurred extensively throughout the Maranhense Cerrado. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-02-28T00:00:00Z