https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/4911 2026-04-07T18:24:33Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6860 Título: Educar para a vida, através da vida: a base teórico metodológica da pedagogia Waldorf e o ensino de História no Brasil contemporâneo como exemplo de educação emancipatória Autor: MUNHOZ JUNIOR, Irceu Primeiro orientador: PEREIRA, Josenildo de Jesus Abstract: This research investigated the thinking of the Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner and his contributions to the construction of a theory of knowledge at the end of the 19th century that would serve as a basis for some practical initiatives in different fields of knowledge, including the field of Education. Such methodological bases of this Steinerian theory of knowledge would be used to support the foundations of a pedagogical proposal that would emerge in post-war Germany, in 1919: Waldorf pedagogy. In this thesis, we will see how Steiner's approaches to the processes of human knowledge in relation to natural phenomena and the entire sensory world constitute principles for the practice of Waldorf pedagogy and, mainly because of this, make it a unique educational proposal. We will be able to see how much Steiner was a thinker of his time and space and how his historical and philosophical context are represented in his works, highlighting Goethe's influences on his theory of knowledge and later on Waldorf pedagogical practice. Waldorf pedagogy is based on intentions that are absolutely committed to contemporary issues and has entered the 20th and 21st centuries, growing throughout the world and contributing to social transformations in the communities in which it operates through educational processes that seek to promote human emancipation and the practice of citizenship based on awareness raising as a result of a methodological-didactic process that aims to strengthen the human being as a whole. We understand that, for this reason, in 1994, UNESCO declared Waldorf pedagogy as capable of responding to educational challenges, especially in areas of great cultural divergence and social conflict. We will illustrate this methodological proposal through examples focused on teaching History in High School, so that we can see Steiner's theory of knowledge alive in the practical methodological bases of a class of this subject in Brazilian Basic Education. We will demonstrate how these pedagogical intentions, anchored in a deep interest in human beings, in Steiner's theory of knowledge, in phenomenology and in Goetheanism, constitute an educational proposal committed to the emancipation of students in the teaching-learning process so that they can act in their life context, promoting civic practices and social transformations. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-12-09T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6677 Título: Corporeidades das mulheres na escola normal oficial em Teresina - Piauí (1909-1950) Autor: FERREIRA, Lorena Maria de França Primeiro orientador: SANTOS, Lyndon de Araújo Abstract: In the first decades of the 20th century, Brazil underwent changes driven by the political regime of the Republic, whether these changes were in the structures of its main cities, in the educational field, or in social relations. This also happened in the city of Teresina - Piauí, which was forming as the administrative center of the state, a place of political and ideological effervescence, and the Escola Normal Oficial was being established for the educational training of women. The thesis aims to understand the corporealities of women produced at the Escola Normal Oficial in Teresina - Piauí, and to analyze the constructions and representations of women's bodies as normalistas and teachers. For this understanding, the works of Le Breton (2007) and Courtine (2013) on the construction of the body; Foucault (1979; 1997) for understanding power relations; Scott (1995) for gender relations; Lefebvre (2006) and De Certeau (2003) for spatial analyses; Chartier (1990) to reflect on female representations; and Assmann (2011) to understand memories were used. The research is outlined using historical scales of analysis (Revel, 2010) for the study of women in education in Teresina - PI, relating it to the history of Brazil and how women left their mark on education through their experiences. For the analysis, sources produced by the Piauí public authorities were used, such as reports and governmental messages, decrees, memorialistic works, magazines, and newspapers that circulated in the interior and in the capital of Piauí. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-11-14T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6537 Título: “É tão bom saborear um escândalo em letra de fôrma”: notícias de homicídios, suicídios e mortes misteriosas, narradas pelo jornal Pacotilha, entre os dois primeiros decênios do século XX Autor: JESUS, Paulo Henrique Matos de Primeiro orientador: OLIVEIRA, Maria Izabel Barboza de Morais Abstract: suicides - published by the newspaper O Pacotilha, in São Luís, Maranhão, between the 1910s and 1920s. From the perspective of the Social History of Crime, the research analyzes how these narratives, strongly marked by sensationalism and the aesthetics of fait divers described by Roland Barthes and Dominique Kalifa, were appropriated and adapted to the local context, in dialogue with transnational narrative patterns. Based on emblematic cases such as the "Crime Monstruozo" (1913), the murder of Luiz Galeotti (1923), and high-profile suicides, the study identifies rhetorical devices and discursive strategies that, beyond their informative function, sought to entertain, moralize, and reinforce social hierarchies and stereotypes of gender, race, and class. The research is based on a qualitative analysis of editions of O Pacotilha available in the National Library's Digital Newspaper Library, supplemented by other contemporary periodicals and specialized bibliography on the press, crime, and urban culture (Barthes, Kalifa, Fausto, Bourdieu, Baczko, Caimari, Bretas, among others). The intersection of the examination of so-called "primary" sources and the theoretical framework allowed us to understand the role of the Maranhão press as an active agent in the construction of the social imaginary regarding violence and public order, highlighting its involvement in the political and cultural disputes of the First Republic and its pedagogical function in shaping public opinion. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-09-17T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6408 Título: MAQUIAVEL: A concepção de violência política Autor: SIMÃO DA SILVA, Samuel Primeiro orientador: OLIVEIRA, Maria Izabel Barboza de Morais Abstract: The objective of this thesis is to understand the essence of Niccolò Machiavelli's work by analyzing the conception of political violence it presents. Thus, we consider that political action cannot be associated with the moral values usually shared by ordinary citizens, who do not bear the responsibility and weight of institutional political decisions. To achieve this, however, it is necessary to look at Machiavelli's Italy and perhaps at Europe itself during that period (15th and 16th centuries), relating his work to the context of his thought and speech. This study intends, in this sense, as a method of analysis, to follow the guidance of linguistic contextualism advocated by English historians Quentin Skinner and John Pocock. This mechanism, according to which, to understand the meaning of a form of political thought, it would be essential to contextualize the author within his time and society, seeking to grasp his intentions. This is what Pocock defines as a speech act. Thus, "evidently, studying political discourse implies studying historical facts, as part of this approach is to think of discourses as actions" (POCOCK, 2003, p. 9). In this way, both Skinner and Pocock seek to understand the meaning of a given author, observing the relationships that were established with him through the environments he frequented, the books he read, and how socio-historical events "acted upon him" (OLIVEIRA, 2009, p. 3). Thus, the meaning of Machiavellian work emerges, presenting itself through a conception of political violence that should not be understood outside its social reality. His speech act is also an intervention through a lucid understanding of its moment, even if it is not always correct. In any case, and for this very reason, violence in political affairs, as addressed in Machiavelli's work, should not be seen as an anachronistic element. She is not an intruder. Machiavelli, on the contrary, perceived violence as a key element of various political practices and a common denominator and watershed in various human societies. Thus, his work is understandably rooted in its time.; El objetivo de esta tesis es comprender la esencia de la obra de Nicolás Maquiavelo mediante el análisis de la concepción de la violencia política que presenta. Así, consideramos que la acción política no puede asociarse con los valores morales que suelen compartir los ciudadanos comunes, quienes no asumen la responsabilidad ni el peso de las decisiones políticas institucionales. Para lograrlo, sin embargo, es necesario observar la Italia de Maquiavelo y quizás la propia Europa durante ese período (siglos XV y XVI), relacionando su obra con el contexto de su pensamiento y discurso. Este estudio pretende, en este sentido, como método de análisis, seguir la guía del contextualismo lingüístico propugnado por los historiadores ingleses Quentin Skinner y John Pocock. Este mecanismo, según el cual, para comprender el significado de una forma de pensamiento político, sería esencial contextualizar al autor dentro de su tiempo y sociedad, buscando comprender sus intenciones. Esto es lo que Pocock define como acto de habla. Así, «evidentemente, estudiar el discurso político implica estudiar hechos históricos, ya que parte de este enfoque consiste en pensar los discursos como acciones» (POCOCK, 2003, p. 9). De esta manera, tanto Skinner como Pocock buscan comprender el significado de un autor determinado, observando las relaciones que se establecieron con él a través de los entornos que frecuentaba, los libros que leía y cómo los acontecimientos sociohistóricos «actuaron sobre él» (OLIVEIRA, 2009, p. 3). Así, emerge el significado de la obra maquiavélica, presentándose a través de una concepción de la violencia política que no debe entenderse al margen de su realidad social. Su acto de habla es también una intervención a través de una comprensión lúcida de su momento, aunque no siempre sea correcta. En cualquier caso, y por esta misma razón, la violencia en los asuntos políticos, tal como se aborda en la obra de Maquiavelo, no debe verse como un elemento anacrónico. No es una intrusa. Maquiavelo, por el contrario, percibía la violencia como un elemento clave de diversas prácticas políticas, un denominador común y un punto de inflexión en diversas sociedades humanas. Por lo tanto, su obra está comprensiblemente arraigada en su época. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z