https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/1013 2026-06-04T23:56:03Z 2026-06-04T23:56:03Z ROCHA, Iolanda Karoline Barros dos Santos https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7032 2026-06-03T12:18:11Z 2021-06-18T00:00:00Z

Título: Caracterização Genômica e Prospecção In Silico de Metabólitos Secundários da Cianobactéria Nostoc Gbbb01 do Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas-MA Autor: ROCHA, Iolanda Karoline Barros dos Santos Primeiro orientador: DALL’AGNOL, Leonardo Teixeira Abstract: Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms that are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities. Although the state of Maranhão presents a unique combination of biodiversity since it has three Brazilian biomes (Amazon, Cerrado and Caatinga) and respective transition zones, few studies have been carried out to characterize the diversity of photosynthesizers and their potential. In view of this, this study aimed to characterize the genome of the Nostoc sp. GBBB01 from the collection of the UFMA Biodiversity, Bioprospecting and Biotechnology Research Group, isolated in unialgal culture originally from the Chapada das Mesas National Park, in the Cerrado of Maranhão, and investigating by means of genomic mining secondary metabolites of biotechnological interest. After metagenomic sequencing, the genomes obtained were separated and assembled and then proceeded with the step of annotating the isolated genome of the GBBB01 strain using the Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) and RAST. Structural and comparative characterization of the genome was performed using antiSMASH 5.0, NaPDoS, OrthoVven2, MEGA X for phylogeny and Species Tree application present in KBase for phylogenomics. Phenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence of the Nostoc sp. GBBB01 confirmed the strong relationship with other strains of the genera Nostoc and Desmonostoc. 25 functional categories were identified by the RAST server. The search performed by the antiSMASH tool detected 24 gene clusters of biosynthetic pathways. When comparing individual results between genomes, the most common groupings were bacteriocins, terpenes, heterocyst glycolipids, NRPS, nostoficin, microviridine k and nostopeptolide A2, but only in the GBBB01 genome did we detect the biosynthetic pathways of nosperine, anabaenopeptin / nostamide A. C and KS domains were identified 15 and 21 respectively. This is the first record of a genome of the genus Nostoc from the state of Maranhão, the strain demonstrated the presence of genes related to several compounds with importance from the point of view of health and environment, in addition to revealing its high potential in producing bioactive compounds relevant to biotechnological applications. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2021-06-18T00:00:00Z LIMA , Alícia Cardoso https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7023 2026-05-28T20:48:32Z 2026-04-24T00:00:00Z

Título: Insegurança alimentar e sustentabilidade alimentar no Brasil: interseções entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, desigualdade racial e pegada de carbono da dieta Autor: LIMA , Alícia Cardoso Primeiro orientador: COSTA, Andréa Suzana Vieira Abstract: Current food systems are characterized by increasing industrialization, globalization, long supply chains, and the intensification of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption. These factors have contributed to a global syndemic marked by the pandemics of obesity and malnutrition, exacerbated by climate change and with significant impacts on food security (FS), particularly among Black populations and socially vulnerable groups, thereby deepening inequalities. In this context, Chapter I of this dissertation presents an integrative review aimed at summarizing the dietary patterns of the Black Brazilian population and identifying the determinants of their food choices. The search was conducted across six databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, and MEDLINE), in Portuguese and English, in addition to a manual reference search, resulting in the inclusion of 14 cross-sectional studies. The analysis revealed higher consumption of beans, carbohydrates, meats, and fats, and lower consumption of fruits, vegetables, ultra-processed foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and fast food among mixed-race (pardo), Black, and quilombola populations, with influences from socioeconomic, racial, demographic, and territorial determinants. Chapter II aimed to analyze the association between UPF consumption and levels of food (in)security in the Brazilian population through a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2017–2018 Household Budget Survey (POF), with a representative sample of 46,164 individuals aged 10 years or older. Food security was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, and dietary intake was obtained through a 24-hour recall and classified according to the NOVA system, considering demographic and socioeconomic variables. The results showed higher consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods in food-insecure households and higher consumption of UPFs among food-secure individuals, as well as a negative association between UPF consumption and both mild and severe food insecurity, with reduced differences after adjustment, suggesting a possible homogenization of consumption across groups. Finally, Chapter III analyzed differences in the dietary carbon footprint (CF) according to food insecurity levels using POF 2017–2018 data, estimating CF based on emission coefficients associated with consumed foods. The findings indicated a negative association between food insecurity and dietary CF, particularly at moderate and severe levels, and a positive association among food-secure individuals, with higher CF observed among males, adults, individuals with higher education and income, those living in rural areas, and residents of the Central-West and Northern regions. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2026-04-24T00:00:00Z RODRIGUES, Sarah Beatriz Ferreira https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7021 2026-05-28T17:20:58Z 2025-05-30T00:00:00Z

Título: ETNOFARMACOLOGIA NA VALIDAÇÃO E FARMACOVIGILÂNCIA EM FITOTERAPIA: Revisão do uso de espécies vegetais em comunidades tradicionais brasileiras e o estudo no Quilombo Embiral Cabeça-Branca, Maranhão, Brasil Autor: RODRIGUES, Sarah Beatriz Ferreira Primeiro orientador: AMARAL, Flávia Maria Mendonça do Abstract: Humans have an intimate relationship with plants, as old as their own history, using plants for a wide variety of purposes. Ethnodirected research (ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological) provides extensive knowledge of the diverse uses of plant resources by communities and ethnic groups, with an emphasis on traditional populations. However, it should be noted that most of the population is unaware of the risks and dangers associated with the indiscriminate use of plant species, especially for therapeutic purposes. Thus, this work aimed to survey the plants used and/or mentioned in the therapeutics and/or prevention of diseases by traditional communities and to develop an ethnopharmacological study in the Quilombo Embiral Cabeça-Branca in the municipality of Pedro do Rosário, state of Maranhão. The research began with an integrative review (chapter 01) The study, entitled “Ethnopharmacology: a review of the use of medicinal plants in traditional Brazilian communities,” included studies published from 2004 to 2025, resulting in 22 studies. Research predominantly involved riverside and quilombola communities, with species distributed across 14 botanical families, notably Amaranthaceae, Anacardiaceae, and Rutaceae, and a higher frequency of *Aloe vera* (L.) Burm.f. and *Dysphania ambrosioides* (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants; with evidence of the use of exotic plant species. Subsequently, field research was conducted using an ethnodirected approach. (chapter 2) entitled “Ancestral Knowledge and Healing Practices: An Ethnobotanical Study in the Quilombola Territory of Embiral CabeçaBranca” was conducted, in which the shaman Luiz Teixeira was interviewed. This resulted in the identification and characterization of species widely used in the territory as a form of healing, some without proven efficacy and therapeutic safety, which should prompt further validation studies, as is the case with the species Papa-terra and Pariri; the appeal of part of the community for assistance in the context of healing was also evident. It is worth emphasizing that both studies evidenced the inappropriate use of plant species, whether due to therapeutic ineffectiveness, toxicity risks, and/or methods of use incompatible with those described in official compendiums, such as Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (vernacular name: babosa). Given these inconsistencies and with the aim of raising awareness of the associated risks and dangers, thus supporting pharmacovigilance actions, as well as preserving local culture, an educational booklet (chapter 03) was developed as feedback to the Embiral community, entitled “Medicinal Plants of Embiral Cabeça-Branca - MA”. These data encourage the continued validation of plant species and reinforce the role of ethnopharmacology as a tool, both in the selection of plant species for Research and Development of new bioproducts and in the identification of risks and dangers associated with the popular therapeutic use of plants without proven efficacy and safety, thus encouraging Pharmacovigilance actions in Phytotherapy. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação; Trabalho sob Sigilo.Motivo do Sigilo: Publicação dos artigos em revistas que exigem sigilo total. Prazo previsto para disponibilização total: 10/09/2026.

2025-05-30T00:00:00Z ROBSON, Renata Sodré Sousa https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7018 2026-05-27T12:25:12Z 2026-04-24T00:00:00Z

Título: POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E CATADORES DE MATERIAIS RECICLÁVEIS NO BRASIL: DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS ÀS CONDIÇÕES DE SAÚDE RELACIONADOS AO TRABALHO  Autor: ROBSON, Renata Sodré Sousa Primeiro orientador: COSTA, Andrea Suzana Vieira Abstract: The increase in solid waste generation and the limited effectiveness of public policies have exacerbated the precariousness of waste management in Brazil. In this context, waste pickers play a central role in recycling, recovering most reusable materials; however, they continue to work under conditions marked by vulnerability, informality, and multiple occupational risks. This study is based on the hypothesis that the recognition of waste pickers by the Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) has not been sufficient to promote structural improvements in their living and working conditions, due to weaknesses in the implementation and continuity of public policies. The study was developed through two complementary methodological approaches. The first consisted of a systematic literature review conducted according to the PRISMA protocol, with searches carried out in databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, BDENF, and the Portal CAPES, including 39 articles published between 2010 and 2025 that analyzed the implementation of the PNRS and its impacts. The second approach consisted of a cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted with 52 waste pickers affiliated with an association in the municipality of Pinheiro, Maranhão, Brazil, using the Escala de Avaliação dos Danos Relacionados ao Trabalho (EADRT). The results of the review revealed important normative advances; however, these were accompanied by significant weaknesses in policy implementation, expressed through low coverage of selective waste collection, insufficient infrastructure, persistence of informality, and limited socioproductive inclusion of waste pickers. The empirical study, in turn, demonstrated a high prevalence of health-related damage, particularly physical damage (86.5%), followed by psychological (67.3%) and social (55.8%) damage, predominantly classified as moderate to critical. An association was observed between longer working time and increased damage, as well as greater physical impairment among women. It is concluded that there is a mismatch between the legal framework and the reality experienced by waste pickers, with workers’ illness resulting from structural determinants related to precarious working conditions and the fragility of public policies. The integration of socio-productive inclusion, improvement of working conditions, and strengthening of waste management policies is essential to promote health, social justice, and sustainability in the Brazilian context. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2026-04-24T00:00:00Z